This paper investigates Becker, Hornung and Woessmann's recent claim that education had an important causal effect on … problems, notably the omission of relevant variables which leads to serious bias in the estimated effect of education. When … these problems are corrected, the conclusions of Becker, Hornung and Woessmann no longer hold. Education did not play an …

data mostly contradict the traditional view that education was a leading source of the seismic social phenomenon of … fixed effects account for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity, education - but not income or urbanization - is …

data mostly contradict the traditional view that education was a leading source of the seismic social phenomenon of … fixed effects account for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity, education - but not income or urbanization - is …