We study the optimal R&D trajectory in a setting where new technologiesare never perfect backstops in the sense that there is no perfectlyclean technology that eventually solves the pollution problem once andfor all. New technologies have stings attached, i.e. each emits a specificstock...

Research and Development (R&D) and innovation are crucial features of the seed industry. To supportlarge R&D investments by the private sector, strong intellectual property rights, such as patents, arenecessary. The exclusivity granted by patents naturally creates market power positions and...

Over the past two decades Wales has been quite successful in developing industrial clusters inautomotive components and electronics, but is still relatively weak in areas thought important tolong term manufacturing competitiveness, notably Research and Development (R&D). Thispaper examines...

Our study focuses on the question, whether users should be intensively involved in the innovation process of radical product innovations or better not – from the manufacturer’s perspective. Radical innovations incorporate new technologies, shift market structures, require intensive user...

In the UK, SSAP 13 requires that firms immediately expense most of their R&D expenditures.The reported earnings of high-R&D expenditure firms are therefore likely to convey less valuerelevantinformation to investors than those of less research-intensive firms. Using a sample offirms from the...

This paper reviews the literature on the economics of intellectual property rights (IPR), with a particular focus on the main industrial property rights of patents and trade marks. Intellectual property rights arise from the legal protection accorded to certain inventions or creations. We begin...

We analyze financial constraints for R&D, where we account for heterogeneityamong investments which has been neglected in previous literature. According toeconomic theory, investments should be distinguished by their degree ofuncertainty, e.g. routine R&D versus cutting-edge R&D. Financial...

This paper investigates interregional differences in cooperative behavior ofmanufacturing establishments in the field of research and development (R&D).The empirical analysis for eleven European regions reveals a number ofsignificant differences between these regions in the propensity to...