We propose a statistical model of differences in beliefs in which heterogeneous investors are represented as different machine learning model specifications. Each investor forms return forecasts from their own specific model using data inputs that are available to all investors. We measure...

Short selling is risky. Borrowed shares may be recalled and the short seller may be forced to terminate a position early. The stock price may rise forcing the short seller to post additional collateral. Borrowing fees may be increased before the short position is closed. Utilization is the...

Using a very large data set with more than 9,700 stocks listed on NYSE, AMEX and NASDAQ, we analyze overnight price jumps and report short-term investor overreaction to information shocks and document return reversal and predictability up to five days. For negative and positive overnight jumps,...

This paper examines customer momentum, defined as a positive relationship between a firm's returns and past returns of its customers. I confirm previous evidence (Cohen and Frazzini 2008) that customer momentum is both statistically and economically significant. Long-short equally-weighted...

This article examines the risk and return characteristics of U.S. mutual funds. We employ an equilibrium version of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) and a principal-components-based statistical technique to identify performance benchmarks. We also consider the Capital Asset Pricing Model...

Passive investing, particularly in emerging markets, has become an increasingly popular means of quick, “diversified” exposure to a particular segment of the markets. Defensive investors, as Benjamin Graham noted, would be best served owning a diversified list of leading companies. Yet it's...

The correlation of returns for various equity asset classes has been high. In addition, the range or "dispersion" of returns across asset classes - and across sectors within those asset classes - has been low. These factors have made it difficult for active managers to outperform. But dispersion...

In “Benjamin Graham and Risk”, Brandes Institute Advisory Board member Bruce Grantier examines the similarities and differences between the modern portfolio theory concept of risk and the writings of Benjamin Graham and other prominent value investors. This article is part of an ongoing...

This paper analyzes the life cycles of hedge funds. Using the Lipper TASS database it provides category and fund specific factors that affect the survival probability of hedge funds. The findings show that in general, investors chasing individual fund performance, thus increasing fund flows,...

This paper illustrates that when CAPM is expanded to incorporate an investor base with heterogeneous risk aversions over a multi-period timeframe, a more realistic model is revealed which explains many return attributes previously considered to be anomalies. Investor concentrations in the market...