This is a case study of the Bank of America and Merrill Lynch merger. It is based on the article, Fiduciary Exemption for Public Necessity: Shareholder Profit, Public Good, and the Hobson's Choice during a National Crisis, 17 Geo. Mason L. Rev. 661 (2010). The case study analyzes the...

Preventing future bail-outs for large, systemically important banks while minimizing the repercussions of bank insolvencies on the stability of the financial system and the economy at large has become a key policy objective for international standard-setters as well as national and supranational...

This is a case study of the Supreme Court's classic decision in Smith v. K.C. Title & Trust Co. A stockholder challenged the constitutionality of the Farm Loan Act of 1916, which authorized federal banks to issue tax-exempt bonds to raise funds for loans to farmers. The case is best known for...

This Article is the first to analyze an unexplored but critical change in how modern banks are governed: the rise of lawyers as bank directors. That rise has been precipitous, raising the question of why lawyer-directors now sit on most bank boards. Using novel empirical evidence, we show that...

As financial institutions and policymakers worldwide are considering how to integrate sustainability considerations throughout financial systems, a critical question is whether banks can effectively assess and monitor borrowers' environmental credit risk. China's green credit reforms, part of...

In 2011, the Environmental Protection Agency and Army Corps of Engineers introduced a draft version of a guidance document that purported to clarify the jurisdiction of the Clean Water Act in accordance with recent Supreme Court Cases. Shortly thereafter, it became clear that the Draft Guidance...

A deep-seated rule in Israeli law is that the bank owes a fiduciary duty to its customers. The concept of imposing a fiduciary duty on banks is not originally an Israeli one. The Israeli courts adopted it from British law. However, from the moment that it was introduced in Israel, the courts...

According to Israeli law, the bank owes a fiduciary duty to its customers. However, recently, the Israeli courts have expanded the doctrine of the ban's fiduciary duty in various ways: In terms of the content o the duty; in terms of the scope of the beneficiaries – other than customers –...

In 2022, Ghana is still recovering from a financial services sector crisis that has its origins from 2015. Between 2017 and mid-2019, the Central Bank, the Bank of Ghana (BoG), the regulator of banking business under Ghanaian law, revoked the licences of ten banks. In all, the regulator revoked...