This paper explores how accounting disclosures can be combined with regulatory disclosures to refine existing concepts of free cash flows to equity (FCFE) for financial institutions. The resulting measure is designed to promote market discipline by helping investors distinguish among capital...

Islamic banking is interest-free banking which makes it necessary for Islamic banks to take active part in the operations of the business, i.e. share profits as well as losses. Banks including Islamic banks prefer to take minimum risk. On the surface, it may seem that Islamic banks face more...

Our research explores the determinants of capital buffers in Indonesian Islamic banking, which is ranked 10th in the world. The explanatory variables consist of competition, profit loss sharing (PLS) financing, and bank-specific variables such as bank size, stability, total financing, efficiency...