This paper distinguishes entrepreneurial network effects from the firm effects and industry effects that have been the focus of much of the literature about the economics of technological change and the economics of industrial organization. A method of identifying entrepreneurial networks is...

We examine immigrant entrepreneurship and the survival and growth of immigrant-founded businesses over time relative to native-founded companies. Our work quantifies immigrant contributions to new firm creation in a wide variety of fields and using multiple definitions. While significant...

We analyze the roles of entrepreneurs, venture capitalists (VC), and the government in financing fundamental innovations, defined as those with positive social value net of development costs, but negative net present values to innovating firms. We first analyze the case where the entrepreneur,...

In this article, we examine how startup firms finance their operations over time. We empirically test the financial growth cycle theory developed by Berger and Udell (1998) using the Kauffman Firm Survey data, the largest longitudinal data set comprised of all U.S. startups launched in 2004....

Over the last two decades, the phenomenon of technology entrepreneurship has attracted the interest of researchers and policy makers due to its significant impact upon economic progress. Several authors define technology entrepreneurship as the interface of two well-established, but related...

The innovation process is becoming more open. According to the concept of the Triple Helix, this requires the creation of institutions capable of mediating the interaction of agents, primarily related to the different elements of the innovation system. The academic spin-off is not only a form of...

In this paper we illustrate the changes that the Italian university system underwent from the early 2000s till today, with a special focus on the transition to academic entrepreneurship. We describe these changes as part of more general and similar trends taking place in other European countries...

60 university spinouts in 3 years. 94% still alive. Lowest cost per spinout in the US. The 'book' on successful technology transfer is to find multiple ways to substitute bottom-up entrepreneurial approaches for top-down bureaucratic mechanisms. However, few programs successfully manage the...

This paper examines the question of whether the initial stock of resources of new ventures that enter an industry differs based on the whether they enter before or after a technological discontinuity occurs. We draw on the theoretical foundations of the resource-based view of the firm, and those...

In this paper I analyze the correlation between the licensing activity by start-ups and established firms (mainly in the biotech sector) and the inventions’ stages of development. Using data from the San Diego region on licensing new technologies and a new variable to characterize the...