This paper estimates the effect of heterogeneous university funding stemming from the GermanExcellence Initiative on a regional firm’s probability to innovate by using a multi-valued two-way fixedeffects difference-in-differences model. The estimations show that funding an additional...

Using the German re-unification as a natural experiment, we analyze the role of increased competition in academic productivity. We employ a unique dataset on East and West German scientists' publications in fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) before and after the...

Previous research has expressed concerns about firms engaging less in basic research. We contribute to this debate by studying trends in the scientific publishing activities of firms located in Germany. Our results do not confirm a declining trend in raw numbers with numbers indicating that...

This paper aims at analysing the risk of intellectual property (IP) infringements by competitors from abroad and in particular whether this risk is higher for international innovating firms. We distinguish three different types of IP infringements from abroad: the usage of firms' technical...

We examine the evolution of biotechnology clusters in Germany between 1996 and 2003, paying particular attention to their composition in terms of venture capital, basic science institutions, and biotechnology firms. Drawing upon the significance of co-location of quot;money and ideasquot;, the...