The Huawei ruling identified the steps that owners and users of SEPs will have to follow in negotiating a FRAND royalty. Compliance with the code of conduct will shield patent holders from the gaze of competition law and, at the same time, will protect implementers from the threat of an...

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was enacted in the European Union in April 2016 and went into effect in May 2018. We study its impact on investment in new and emerging technology firms. Our findings indicate negative post-GDPR effects after its 2018 rollout on European ventures,...

Technological innovation is transforming the structure of the retail banking sector. Traditional business models are facing a rapid disruption process led by the emergence of FinTech companies which provide innovative digitally-enabled banking and financial services. In order to offer payment...

There is an ongoing debate about whether standards act as trade catalysts or barriers. This article uses a gravity model to analyze the effects of national standards on the trade of agricultural products between China and the 64 Belt and Road (B&R) countries from 1990 to 2019. Mandatory...

Assurance schemes (certifications and labels) are widespread in the agri-food sector. This paper reviews the landscape of existing schemes, and the evidence on whether labels change consumer behaviour, and whether assurance schemes achieve positive change on the farm. The impact of existing...

This paper provides an overview of agro-food value chains in the EU Outermost Regions (EU ORs). It assesses emerging trends, discusses opportunities and challenges, reviews the policy frameworks and tools that can strengthen the beneficial participation of EU ORs in international agro-food value...

This paper studies the effect of mandatory eco-labels for durable goods using a bunching design. I exploit discontinuities in the European energy label for washing machines to document consumer inattention in response to the salient quality signal given by the label. The effect on the...

Within the debate on the role of competition law in standard essential patents (SEPs) litigation, German case law has gained centre stage because of the number of decisions handed down and its traditional patent owner-friendly approach. As the framework handed down by the European Court of...

Under EU Air Passenger Rights legislation (“EC261”), carriers must provide assistance and cash compensation to passengers in case of long delay. We study whether the regulation reduces flight delay. EC261 applies uniformly to flights departing from the EU, but covers only EU carriers on...

The ubiquitous process of digitization changes economic competition on markets in several ways and leads to the emergence of new business models. The increasing roles of digital platforms as well as data-driven markets represent two relevant examples. These developments challenge competition...