Unemployment in the big continental European economies like France and Germany has been substantially increasing since the mid 1970s. So far it has been difficult to empirically explain the increase in unemployment in these countries via changes in supposedly employment unfriendly institutions...

This work evaluates the bank lending channel in Brazil, in the post-Real Plan period. The work includes descriptive analysis and formal econometric tests based on several indicators of the credit market. First of all, the descriptive analysis shows that the main relationship between credit...

This paper describes the functioning of a currency board within the socio-economic context in which it operates. Special focus is given to the macroeconomic implications of a currency board system compared to a central bank system. In particular the author describes the principles regulating a...

This paper examines the effects of monetary policy in Pakistan economy using a data rich environment. We used the Factor Augmented Vector Autoregressive (FAVAR) methodology, which contains 115 monthly variables for the period 1992:01 to 2010:12. We compare the results of VAR and FAVAR model and...

This study provides a link between accounting, managerial discretion and monetary policy. Monetary authorities encourage banking institutions to supply credit to the economy. Increased bank supply of credit is a good thing but too much of a good can be a bad thing. This paper investigates under...

Purpose – While in developed economies, changes in monetary policy affect real economic activity in the short-run but only prices in the long-run, the question of whether these tendencies apply to developing countries remains open to debate. In this paper, we examine the effects of monetary...

In the last decades, the use of the exchange rates as nominal anchors to tie down the prices seemed to experience a decline. However, the exchange rates targeting could become a solution for some countries in dealing with the actual circumstances. In this paper we approach some key elements of...

Purpose – A major lesson of the EMU crisis is that serious disequilibria in a monetary union result from arrangements not designed to be robust to a variety of shocks. With the specter of this crisis looming substantially and scarring existing monetary zones, the present study has complemented...

Human labor input is considered the essential core in arising and increasing gross national product, so the equilibrium between supply and demand for labor, is one of the pivots of Egyptian strategy, the overcoming unemployment is the challenging for economic reform in Egypt, by creation...

Market based implementation of monetary policy embeds a swift and complete pass-through of changes in policy rate to market interest rates. This impacts the lending and deposit rates (retail rates) of the banking system. Incomplete and slow pass-through impairs the effectiveness of monetary...