Reforms have begun in Pakistan to sustain the funded pension scheme for government-operated pension schemes such as the Employees Old Age Benefit Institution (EOBI). Presently, the EOBI operates its own fund and invests most of its assets in government-backed securities which are basically...

Rule of Law and strong legal systems are considered a pre-condition for sustained development. Their relative weakness in the under-developed world is considered as the main obstacle to growth. Strengthening Rule of Law and legal systems has, therefore, become a standard advice from the...

We estimate the import demand function for Pakistan using the structural model recently developed by Emran and Shilpi (2010). ARDL and DOLS techniques are used to estimate the log-run coefficients of price and income elasticities. The empirical results from ARDL bound testing approach and...

The knowledge of supply response greatly helps in farm decisions in allocation of resources in right direction. It can help planners and policy makers to allocate and achieve production targets and in long term planning. It thus provides a framework for adjusting production to the optimum...

The paper examines patterns of bilateral trade between Pakistan, India, Afghanistan and CARs. It also investigates whether providing India transit route to Afghanistan has opportunity costs for Pakistan’s trade potential with Afghanistan and CARs. In 2009, Pakistan’s exports to Afghanistan...

This paper investigates growth linkages among agriculture, industry and different segments of the service sector with a view to identifying the main growth stimulating sector with the highest level of backward and forward linkages in the economy. Time series data is used for the period 1971 to...

The paper has twofold objectives. Firstly, the impact of the inflation rate on economic growth with the possibility of two threshold levels for Pakistan using annual data from 1961 to 2008 is examined and secondly, nonlinear relationship between inflation and investment has been investigated....

The research on the relationship between macroeconomic stability and fiscal decentralization has been rather inconclusive about the benefits of fiscal decentralization. The current paper is the first to investigate the effect of fiscal decentralization on macroeconomic stability by using Misery...

The Afghanistan – Pakistan Transit Trade Agreement (APTTA) was signed in 1965 with the objective of granting and guarantee to both parties the freedom of transit to and from their territories . The routes that were identified included: a) Karachi – Peshawar – Torkhum, b) Karachi – Chaman...

Pakistan has adequate infrastructure for health services delivery at primary level. The study aims to calculate the technical efficiency of Basic Health Units (BHUs) in Sargodha by using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with the choice of inputs and outputs being specific to BHUs operation....