Firms with more levels of decision-making hierarchies achieve in average poorer results but have lower overall risks. This is the consequence of poor managerial assessments, where errors of the first and second order reduce the firm’s performance. Despite the negative effect of hierarchies,...

More than 1,500 organizations and investors representing over $40 trillion in assets have committed to fossil fuel divestment to combat climate change. Will it work? This chapter explores whether divestment might induce green innovation, a critical component of transitioning to a cleaner...

Social responsibility is an irreplaceable concept in the modern global economic network. As the concept of social responsibility "matured" in business and science, an increasing number of investors have recognized the benefits of conducting socially and environmentally conscious business and are...

Design professionals have increasingly sought to provide clients not only with design solutions to fit existing plans but also with strategic advice for future opportunities. What specific strategic roles can designers play? This study was based on field research with London-based designers and...

This study uses biform game models to examine firms' patent deployment strategies that involve a choice between appropriating a patented technology to gain a unique competitive advantage or licensing the technology to a competitor in the product market. It addresses the question of under what...

How should theory-based entrepreneurs search for strategies to implement their ideas? The theory-based view of strategy posits that decision-makers hold theories about their environment premised on beliefs that should be actively tested. This causal framework, which underlies the theory-based...

This research investigates how multiple strategic orientations and strategic flexibility collectively influ-ence firm product innovation. A chain multiple mediation model with moderation is constructed thatlinks two types of strategic orientation (entrepreneurial orientation and learning...