Background: Technology-based entrepreneurial businesses (TBEBs) have been identified as major contributors to economic growth and job creation in most global economies. Aim: The objective of this study was to empirically test the relationships between structured and unstructured networks and...

This study investigates whether strategic networks in global value chains affect the upgrade of suppliers and describes alternative ways of overcoming the barriers to such upgrades. Using a cross-national analysis, we examine the complex upgrade process for suppliers from a long-term perspective...