A classic paper of Borwein/Lewis (1991) studies optimisation problems over L^p_+ with finitely many linear equality constraints, given by scalar products with functions from L^q. One key result shows that if some x in L^p_+ satisfies the constraints and if the constraint functions are...

Causal inference in the empirical sciences is based on counterfactuals. This paper presents the counterfactual account of causation in terms of Lewis's possible-world semantics, and reformulates the statistical potential outcome framework and its underlying assumptions using counterfactual...

Seit ihrer Erkenntnis und Formulierung im Rahmen der Ausarbeitung der Thermodynamik zeigte sich, dass der Geltungsbereich der sog. Hauptsätze weit über die Grenzen der Thermodynamik im engeren Sinne herausreicht – sie sind offenbar das Fundament aller materiellen Prozesse. Unverständlich...

This paper reviews the overview of the dynamic shortest path routing problem and the various neural networks to solve it. Different shortest path optimization problems can be solved by using various neural networks algorithms. The routing in packet switched multi-hop networks can be described as...

In the past few years sustainability and sustainable development have become important concepts widespread over the world. There is no agreement on a common definition of sustainability, but there is a general need to measure and assess sustainability in different geographical and spatial...

Monetary incentives underlie academic publications, especially in countries where many researchers' incomes are performance-based. Evidence has documented that social ties improve the chances of publication in journals, whereas building and maintaining social ties require resources. We develop a...