This literature review evaluates 146 empirical research studies on audit committees (AC) composition and resources which focus on the period after the Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX). I will briefly introduce the theoretical, normative and empirical AC framework that comprises an adequate structure of...

Shareholder activism on sustainability issues has become increasingly prevalent over the years, with the number of proposals filed doubling from 1999 to 2013. We use recent innovations in accounting standard setting to classify 2,665 shareholder proposals that address environmental and social...

We analyze how ownership concentration and type, and board independence are related to corporate social performance (CSP). Drawing from agency, team production and stakeholder perspectives, we argue that the distribution of costs and benefits to shareholders and other stakeholders is crucial to...

Objective: The objective of this article is to examine the value of academics as board members. Using upper echelons theory to explain how top management's characteristics affect corporate decision-making, we particularly investigated whether academics as independent directors contribute to firm...

Empirical studies show that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are very important for society. The compensation of executive directors is crucial in the debate on effective, efficient and sustainable public service provision. Nevertheless, there are very few empirical studies in the international...

Previous studies have established that firms' effectiveness can differ based on the differences among directors within a board, and between boards. However, studies have yet to establish the effectiveness of the diverse attributes of the board on firms' quality of earnings in an emerging market...