Fearing opportunistic takeovers during the economic upheaval caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, India put forth FDI restrictions resulting in the suspension of automatic route FDI from its border-sharing neighbours. Applying difference-in-difference methodology to bilateral greenfield project...

U.S. foreign trade has grown much more rapidly than GDP in recent decades. But there is no consensus as to why. More than half of U.S. foreign trade consists of arms-length and intra-firm trade activity by multinational corporations (MNCs). Thus, in order to better understand the growth of...

This paper develops two Sraffian supermultiplier models of two different kinds of economies that are dependent upon foreign direct investment (FDI): the 'export platform FDI-led' growth model and the 'tax haven FDI-led' growth model. The former is driven by the growth of the exports of...

Emerging markets' political, economic, and social transition processes led to altered demographic trends and new macroeconomic dynamics in these economies. These changes triggered the growth of the middle class that became an essential factor of emerging markets' attractiveness for sales and...