Supply chain flexibility (SCF) represents the capability of firms to respond to unanticipated changes in customer needs and competitor actions. Given the growing research interest in flexibility strategies, the development of a valid and reliable instrument to measure organizational responses...

Cadogan and Lee's point can be made simpler by referring to the basic math underlying these relationships. The larger problem with this paper, as with the bulk of the formative measurement literature, is a failure of imagination, which is holding back progress in a variety of fields.

The business environment is currently characterized by intensified competition at both the national and firm levels. Many studies have shown that innovation positively affect firms in enhancing their competitiveness. Innovation is a dynamic process that requires a continuous, evolving, and...

The likelihood for generalized linear models with covariate measurement error cannot in general be expressed in closed form, which makes maximum likelihood estimation taxing. A popular alternative is regression calibration which is computationally efficient at the cost of inconsistent...

Generalized linear models with covariate measurement error can be estimated by maximum likelihood using gllamm, a program that fits a large class of multilevel latent variable models (Rabe-Hesketh, Skrondal, and Pickles 2004). The program uses adaptive quadrature to evaluate the log likelihood,...

This study aims to assess the dimension and quality of the compassionate leadership measurement model (CLMM) using partial least square-confirmatory composite analysis. The Compassionate Leadership Questionnaire (CLQ) derived from the Compassionate Rationalism Leadership Questionnaire (CRLQ) was...

Generalized linear models with covariate measurement error can be estimated by maximum likelihood using gllamm, a program that fits a large class of multilevel latent variable models (Rabe-Hesketh, Skrondal, and Pickles 2004). The program uses adaptive quadrature to evaluate the log likelihood,...

In spite of its strategic relevance, functional flexibility has still not been clearly defined by the literature. Drawing on different conceptualizations and measurement tools, empirical studies have reached different and even contradictory findings. This paper proposes a construct to define and...