A new method for estimating the ability parameters in the statistical models based on item response theory (IRT) was presented in this study. A brief review of existing parameter estimation methods suggested the utility of a parameter estimation method which requires no specific assumption. By...

Tests comprising item bundles, (i.e., groups of items related to common passages, paragraph, or graphs), have been treated as if they measure only a general trait, ignoring the within bundle dependencies. The consequences of not taking into account the specificity of each group of items are, in...

The purpose of this study was to determine the use and impact of non-governmental organization's (NGOs) loans on microenterprises in Kenya. The study also identified barriers perceived to be hindering microenterprises from growing. This was an exploratory naturalistic type of inquiry. The...

Project management professionals have long recognized the strengths and limitations of traditional project management focus on scope, cost and schedule (the iron triangle). Adding “soft skills” to the mix helps but still leaves a large gap from achieving sustainable organizational success....

In recent years, college and universities have relied increasingly upon the charitable contributions of its previous graduates; as the costs of tuition rise substantially, development offices are facing the challenge of creating annual fund campaigns that are minimally expensive while providing...