New Estimates of U.S. Currency Abroad, the Domestic Money Supply and the Unreported Economy Edgar L. Feige * Abstract Despite financial innovations that have created important new substitutes for cash usage, per capita holdings of U.S. currency amount to $2950. Yet American households and...

We contribute to the debate on how to assess the size of the underground or shadow economy with a reinterpretation of the traditional Currency Demand Approach (CDA) � la Tanzi. We introduce three main innovations. First, we take as dependent variable in the money demand equation a direct...

Organized crime, in the context of globalization, has become a cross-border phenomenon and, as such, its control can not be achieved only at national level but integrated into global, regional and sub regional one. Moreover, the existing tools and future solutions should provide realtime...

In recent years, organized crime has expanded considerably, the presence, complexity and importance, and now threatens many aspects of normal life of citizens in private life, work and business. Organized crime promotes corruption, violence and other illegal activities threatening the security...

The history of mankind as a whole has proven that every time they appear and show major economic crisis, global exponential stage for development appear to various phenomena of crime, of poverty amid ancestral human population and the evil inclinations the detriment of his neighbor, for selfish...

Tax evasion, special component of the underground economy is an economic and social phenomenon whose size has grown in all countries. Tax evasion and has appeared with the state and tax laws. Its cover area is extended to all taxes. It actually aims to minimize taxation through the use of...

This empirical paper investigates two important and controversial economic relationship: the link between underground employment and unemployment, and the connection among underground economy and local factors. The key results of this analysis are two. The first: the causality relationship...

The multitude of duties which the fiscal regulations impose on the tax payers, as well as the burden of these duties have always stimulated tax payer’s ingeniousness to invent solutions to elude the fiscal duties. Tax evasion is the logic result of the faults and inadvertencies of an imperfect...

This paper examines the ‘currency enigma” which arises because despite financial innovation that has created important new substitutes for cash usage, U.S. per capita currency holdings now amount to $2700. American households and businesses admit to holding only 15 percent of the stock of...

Over the last decades a growing concern over the phenomenon of the underground economy has increased attention among officials, politicians, and economists. There are several important reasons why officials and the general public should be concerned in post-communist countries about the real...