A rising number of firms from developing countries have adopted voluntary private standards in the last decade. This … has become an area of active research, especially in terms of the impact of private standards on trade, organizational … performance, and employee outcomes. This paper analyses how standards affect labour productivity of small and medium firms from …

improves work conditions in small and medium enterprises in Vietnam. Certified firms pay higher wages on average. They are also …Most studies focus on trade effects and organizational outcomes of international standards, neglecting the effect of … standards on employees. Using a two-year matched firm-employee panel dataset, this paper finds that the application of standards …

This study investigates the relationship between firms' competition, wage, CEOs' characteristics, and firm performance … (measured by net income per employee, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE)) of Vietnam's 693 listed firms in 2015 … and firm performance. For financial firms, the age of a firm and average wage per employee are negatively associated with …