Philanthropy plays a major role in university-based scientific, engineering and medical research in the United States contributing over $4Billion annually to operations, endowment and buildings devoted to research. When combined with endowment income, university research funding from science...

We first summarize the dominant interpretations of the "frontier" in the United States and predecessor colonies over the past 400 years: agricultural (1610s-1880s), industrial (1890s-1930s), scientific (1940s- 1980s), and algorithmic (1990s-present). We describe the difference between the...

The present report is the conclusion to a study conducted by IMRI from February 2003 to July 2004 for the Controlled Fusion Research Department of the Materials Science Division of the CEA, Cadarache, called "What industrial organization for the creation of a technology dynamic around ITER in...

Le présent rapport est la conclusion d’une étude que l’IMRI a mené de février 2003 à juillet 2004 pour le compte du Département de la Recherche en Fusion Contrôlée de la Direction des Sciences de la Matière du CEA Cadarache et qui s’intitule « Quelle organisation industrielle...

The aim of this study is to contribute to the analysis of technology transfer for the french case. This was done by studying technology transfer offices created to manage and develop technology transfer and start-up having links with research. Regarding technology transfer offices, we studied...

The long-standing argument that focused operations outperform others stands in contrast to claims about the benefits of broader operational scope. The performance benefits of focus are typically attributed to reduced complexity, lower uncertainty, and the development of specialized expertise,...