In the present paper we focus on the two best organised ancient Greek federations the Achaean and the Aetolian. Both were democratic ones. We analyse their institutional structure, decision making bodies, and finances. Then, we compare them to the present European Union (EU) and point out...

This article examines the initiatives of European Union in the field of the democracy promotion from a historical and political perspective. The analysis covers: the theoretical framework; the EU democracy promotion strategies in post-communist countries; the debates over the liberal reforms and...

Over the last decade, European Union members have experienced a dramatic increase in imports. This increase was accompanied by a strong growth in the number of imported goods and trading partners, indicating positive welfare gains for consumers via an extended set of consumption possibilities,...

Indirect taxes are levied on the production and consumption of goods and services. They influence the retail price, and hence affect patterns of trade and consumption. Indirect taxes are ultimately paid by the final consumer. Sales and turnover taxes, excise duties and tariffs are the basic...

The paper presents results of own empirical research conducted on a random sample of 323 enterprises localized in małopolskie voivodeship in the first half of the year 2007. The period of 3 years after the accession of Poland to the European Union allowed to preliminary evaluation of the...

The current situation creates potential and almost unrestricted possibilities of creating the new value of Polish enterprises on European markets. Preliminary governmental statistics as well as the presented results of own empirical research show, that Polish entrepreneurs successfully use...

In international forums the EU calls for freedom of movement for goods, services and capital. Freedom of movement of labour - labour migration in other words - is excluded from this claim, certainly in relation to medium- and low-skilled labour. This paper addresses two questions. Firstly, what...

The aim of the article is the presentation as well as the analysis of the most important directions of the European Union activities in favour of entrepreneurship, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The historical outline of SMEs’ community policy shaping was introduced....

The paper elaborates on the flexibility of Polish enterprises facing the European economic integration. The Author tries to show the impact of the accession of Poland to the European Union on the development of Polish enterprises as far as their flexibility is concerned. The paper includes...

The paper elaborates on the characteristic of a new definition of small and medium-sized enterprises. In May 2003 European Commission launched a new recommendation on the new definition of small and medium-sized enterprises, which will come into effect on January 1, 2005. One of the main...